1985 - 1990
Biology studies at the renowned Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen, Germany
In 1985 I started my studies in biology, with a focus on molecular and human genetics, biochemistry and plant physiology.
In 1990 I moved to the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg, where I wrote my diploma thesis on the mapping of a tumor suppressor gene in neuroblastoma.
1990 - 2001
Doctorate and postdoctoral period at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg
After my diploma thesis I became a member of the research project Molecular Genome Analysis at the DKFZ. Under the leadership of the then DKFZ director and later Nobel laureate for medicine, Prof. Harald zur Hausen, I concentrated at that time on the identification of genes using a method I had developed. In this context, I also discovered the two genes DNaseX and TKTL1, which I further investigated for my dissertation – not yet suspecting that they would later become the basis of my life as a scientist and entrepreneur.
In 1996 my dissertation “Identification and cloning of tissue-specific expressed sequences of the band q28 of the human X chromosome” was awarded summa cum laude.
In the course of my doctoral and post-doctoral work, I also identified a large number of genes that are causally involved in the development of diseases – including RETT syndrome, muscle weakness, myotubular myopathy, the development of brain tumors and cancers of the immune system.Publications from this period
→ Click here to view- 1993: Construction of a transcription map of a 300 kb region around the human G6PD locus by direct cDNA selection. [PubMed]
- 1993: Towards a clone and transcript map of Xq27.3-qter
- 1994: Identification of tissue-specific expressed sequences in human band Xq28 with complex pig cDNA probes. [PubMed]
- 1994: Cosmid Contigs in Xq27.3-Xqter
- 1995: p53 gene deletion predicts for poor survival and non-response to therapy with purine analogs in chronic B-cell leukemias. [PubMed]
- 1995: A human homologue of the Drosophila tumour suppressor gene l(2)gl maps to 17p11.2-12 and codes for a cytoskeletal protein that associates with nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain. [PubMed]
- 1995: Highly conserved 3′ UTR and expression pattern of FXR1 points to a divergent gene regulation of FXR1 and FMR1. [PubMed]
- 1996: Isolation, differential splicing and protein expression of a DNase on the human X chromosome. [PubMed]
- 1996: Ordering of 66 STSs along the entire short arm of human chromosome 17 and chromosome assignment of a transcribed sequence (FMR1L2) homologous to FMR1. [PubMed]
- 1996: Molecular cloning of tissue-specific transcripts of a transketolase-related gene. Implications for the evolution of new vertebrate genes. [PubMed]
- 1996: A 900-kb cosmid contig and 10 new transcripts within the candidate region for myotubular myopathy (MTM1). [PubMed]
- 1996: The genomic organization of a human creatine transporter (CRTR) gene located in Xq28. [PubMed]
- 1996: A gene mutated in X-linked myotubular myopathy defines a new putative tyrosine phosphatase family conserved in yeast. [PubMed]
- 1997: Cloning and cytotoxicity of a human pancreatic RNase immunofusion. [PubMed]
- 1997: Molecular cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding the largest subunit of mouse RNA polymerase I. [PubMed]
- 1998: A regulatory element in the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) ligand promoter is essential for responsiveness to TCR-mediated activation. [PubMed]
- 1999: A complex pattern of evolutionary conservation and alternative polyadenylation within the long 3″-untranslated region of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MeCP2) suggests a regulatory role in gene expression. [PubMed]
- 1999: The genomic structure of the DMBT1 gene. Evidence for a region with susceptibility to genomic instability. [PubMed]
- 2000: Cylindrical cell carcinomas of the paranasal sinuses do not show p53 alterations but loss of heterozygosity at 3p and 17p. [PubMed]
- 2000: Fhit expression is absent or reduced in a subset of primary head and neck cancer. [PubMed]
- 2000: Salivary gland carcinosarcoma. Immunohistochemical, molecular genetic and electron microscopic findings. [PubMed]
- 2000: Functional characterization of DNase X, a novel endonuclease expressed in muscle cells. [PubMed]
- 2000: Differential transcriptional regulation of the monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic HPV 18 positive cells. The role of the chromatin structure and AP-1 composition. [PubMed]
- 2001: The relationship between allelic imbalance on 17p, p53 mutation and p53 overexpression in head and neck cancer. [PubMed]
- 2002: Pore membrane and/or filament interacting like protein 1 (POMFIL1) is predominantly expressed in the nervous system and encodes different protein isoforms. [PubMed]
Patents from this period
- EP0842278B1 DNA encoding DNase and related vectors, host cells and antibodies (DNaseX) (→ Patent text)
- EP0840789B1 Transketolase-related protein (TKTL1) (→ Patent text)
2001 - 2003
Head of target validation at the biotech company mtm laboratories AG in Heidelberg, Germany
During this time, I was responsible for identifying and validating new markers that could be used as the basis for a cancer screening test for colorectal or lung cancer. In this context, some new genes were identified that are overexpressed (enhanced active) in tumor cells, and patents were applied for and granted for their potential diagnostic use.
Surprisingly, the analysis of the two genes TKTL1 and DNaseX, which were investigated in my doctoral thesis, showed that these genes are also increasingly activated in tumors. In the case of DNaseX, one of its protein epitopes in particular – Apo10 – was overexpressed. From this I concluded that these two genes or their protein products also have the potential for new diagnostic cancer markers.
Publications from this period
→ Click here to view- 2002: Caspases–their role in apoptosis and other physiological processes as revealed by knock-out studies. [PubMed]
- 2002: Genetic discordance between primary tumours and metastases of head and neck cancer detected by microsatellite analysis. [PubMed]
- 2003: Live cell analysis and targeting of the lipid droplet-binding adipocyte differentiation-related protein. [PubMed]
- 2004: WT1 is a tumor-associated antigen in colon cancer that can be recognized by in vitro stimulated cytotoxic T cells. [PubMed]
Patents from this period
- EP1354961B1 Compositions and methods for detection and treatment of proliferative abnormalities associated with overexpression of human transketolase like-1 gene (→ Patent text)
- EP1431762B1 Compounds and methods for detection of carcinomas and their precursor lesions (DNaseX) (→ Patent text)
- EP1365032B1 Marker molecules associated with lung tumors (→ Patent text)
2003
Company foundation: TAVARTIS GmbH
Since the research of tumor markers was not pursued further for financial reasons, I founded my own company in order to further exploit the diagnostic potential of the two markers TKTL1 and DNaseX.
2004 - 2007
Head of Oncology at R-Biopharm AG in Darmstadt, Germany
In 2004, I was not only able to win R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, as a business partner for the development of DNaseX and TKTL1 ELISA tests for the detection of cancer. At the same time, I took over the management of the oncology department and established a research unit for the diagnostic evaluation of the biomarkers DNaseX and TKTL1.
The research results obtained in this context fed the findings that the mutations that occurred in the TKTL1 gene during evolution had led to a drastic change in the enzymatic activity of the TKTL1 enzyme. The enzyme now enables the cell to follow a metabolic pathway that ultimately leads to more effective energy and fat production from sugar without the formation of harmful radicals.
Since I was aware of the importance of this newly discovered metabolic pathway for the development of diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer in particular, I began to use newly established monoclonal TKTL1 antibodies to specifically investigate TKTL1 activity in tumors. I received support from German research groups such as Prof. Axel zur Hausen (University of Freiburg), Dr. Langbein (University Hospitals Mannheim), Prof. Kämmerer (University of Würzburg) and Prof. Völker (University of Würzburg) as well as from international researchers such as Prof. Stassi and Dr Zerilli (University of Palermo, Italy). The researchers succeeded in detecting increased TKTL1 activity in colonic and urothelial carcinomas, in subgroups of gastric and ovarian tumors, in malignant brain tumors and in metastasizing papillary thyroid carcinomas. At the same time, it became clear that increased TKTL1 activity is associated with a worse prognosis for cancer patients.
Publications from this period
→ Click here to view- 2005: Mutations in the transketolase-like gene TKTL1. Clinical implications for neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. [PubMed]
- 2006: Expression of transketolase TKTL1 predicts colon and urothelial cancer patient survival. Warburg effect reinterpreted. [PubMed]
- 2006: Expression of the mutated transketolase TKTL1, a molecular marker in gastric cancer. [PubMed]
- 2007: Transketolase-like 1 expression correlates with subtypes of ovarian cancer and the presence of distant metastases. [PubMed]
- 2007: Transketolase protein TKTL1 overexpression. A potential biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. [PubMed]
- 2007: Expression of an endogenous retroviral sequence from the HERV-H group in gastrointestinal cancers. [PubMed]
- 2008: The role of glucose metabolism and glucose-associated signalling in cancer. [PubMed]
- 2008: Metastasis is promoted by a bioenergetic switch. New targets for progressive renal cell cancer. [PubMed]
- 2008: Growth of human gastric cancer cells in nude mice is delayed by a ketogenic diet supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids and medium-chain triglycerides. [PubMed]
- 2008: Expression of transketolase-like 1 and activation of Akt in grade IV glioblastomas compared with grades II and III astrocytic gliomas. [PubMed]
- 2008: Increased expression of transketolase-like-1 in papillary thyroid carcinomas smaller than 1.5 cm in diameter is associated with lymph-node metastases. [PubMed]
Patents from this period
- EP1856537B1 Method for checking and controlling the mammalian lactic acid fermentation process/aerobic glucose fermentation metabolic pathway in mammalian organism (TKTL1 metabolic pathway) (→ Patent text)
2006
Company foundation: TAVARGENIX GmbH
The pharmaceutical company that I founded aims to identify small molecules that specifically target the TKTL1 metabolism and could provide a treatment option for aggressive tumors. Her current focus is on the development and establishment of the promising vitamin B1 derivative benfo-oxythiamine (BOT), which could enable the successful treatment of even malignant, chemo-resistant tumors in the future.
2007
Company foundation: TAVARLIN AG
The company, which was founded jointly with Ralf Schierl, initially aims to develop a TKTL1-based blood test for the detection of cancer and to establish a nutritional approach that specifically targets metabolic changes in cancer cells and thus supports the therapy of cancer patients.
In 2015, Tavarlin AG will be renamed Zyagnum AG, which has since dedicated itself exclusively to the development of new diagnostic tests based on the blood analysis method it has developed. The Nutrition for Cancer Patients project is transferred to the Zyagnum AG subsidiary Tavarlin GmbH, which has since been entrusted with the development and marketing of functional and carbohydrate-reduced food products.
2006 - 2017
Work at TAVARGENIX and TAVARLIN in Darmstadt, Germany
In the course of my work at TAVARLIN AG, I developed new diagnostic techniques for the early detection of tumors in blood samples as well as a range of functional food products for the prevention, therapy support and aftercare of cancer.
Diagnostic developments:
- Epitope Detection in Monocytes (EDIM) – Detection of Biomarkers in Cells of the Innate Immune System in Blood Samples
- Automated flow cytometry process
- Flow cytometry-based blood tests for early detection of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases
Food products:
- Laktat-Drink – fermented mixed milk drink with high lactate and fat content, but low carbohydrate content for gentle deacidification during cancer therapy.
- Dr. Coy’s Oil Blends – Omega-3- and MCT-fat-rich oil mixtures with tocotrienols for effective supply with essential and high-quality fats
- Chocolates with low-glycemic sugars (isomaltulose & galactose) and fibre for better blood sugar and insulin control
- Coy Complete (now Keto-Drink) – dietetic drinking food with ketogenic nutrient profile, lactate and selected functional ingredients to support the diet during cancer therapy
Publications from this period
→ Click here to view- 2009: Transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) is required for rapid cell growth and full viability of human tumor cells. [PubMed]
- 2010: Cancer proliferation and therapy. The Warburg effect and quantum metabolism. [PubMed]
- 2011: Lack of transketolase-like (TKTL) 1 aggravates murine experimental colitis. [PubMed]
- 2012: TKTL-1 expression in lung cancer. [PubMed]
- 2012: EDIM-TKTL1 blood test. A noninvasive method to detect upregulated glucose metabolism in patients with malignancies. [PubMed]
- 2013: Diagnostic use of epitope detection in monocytes blood test for early detection of colon cancer metastasis. [PubMed]
- 2013: Ehrlichia chaffeensis uses its surface protein EtpE to bind GPI-anchored protein DNase X and trigger entry into mammalian cells. [PubMed]
- 2013: Hypoxia induces the expression of transketolase-like 1 in human colorectal cancer. [PubMed]
- 2013: A biomarker based detection and characterization of carcinomas exploiting two fundamental biophysical mechanisms in mammalian cells. [PubMed]
- 2014: Reproducibility studies for experimental epitope detection in macrophages (EDIM). [PubMed]
- 2014: ERGO. A pilot study of ketogenic diet in recurrent glioblastoma. [PubMed]
- 2015: Cancer cell-autonomous TRAIL-R signaling promotes KRAS-driven cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis. [PubMed]
- 2016: Analysis of circulating CD14+/CD16+ monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) in the peripheral blood of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. [PubMed]
- 2016: A key role for transketolase-like 1 in tumor metabolic reprogramming. [PubMed]
- 2017: EDIM-TKTL1/Apo10 Blood Test. An Innate Immune System Based Liquid Biopsy for the Early Detection, Characterization and Targeted Treatment of Cancer. [PubMed]
Patents from this period
- EP2256500B1 Use of inhibitors of the enzyme TKTL1 (cancer drug)
(→ Patent text) - EP2986985A2 Automatable method for the identification, quantification and discrimination of specific signals in relation to non-specific signals in detection methods by means of a detector (flow cytometry patent) (→ Patent text)
- EP1972209B1 Beverage (Lactate-Drink, Keto-Drink)
(→ Patent text) - EP2590514B1 Chocolate mass
(→ Patent text) - EP2512270B1 Refreshing beverage (→ Patent text)
2016
Company foundation: intelligent sugar GmbH
Motivated by recent research results on sugar metabolism, which in addition to the often cited health-damaging effects of sugars also reveal numerous health-promoting, essential functions for the body, I founded a company whose goal is to use special natural sugars with functional properties to develop new products that allow sweet and functional enjoyment at the highest level.
Awards
18 November 2006: diaita Science Award
Awarded by the Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin und Diätetik e.V. (today Fachgesellschaft für Ernährungstherapie und Prävention (FET) e.V.) at Medica for my outstanding scientific commitment in the field of cancer research, diagnosis and therapy.
13 April 2007: Waltraut Fryda Award
Awarded at the International Congress for Biological Cancer Medicine for the clarification of the role of the TKTL1 gene in the fermentation metabolism of cancer cells.
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Dr. Johannes Coy
Kroetengasse 10
DE-64853 Otzberg
Germany